Commercial Surveys

Commercial Surveys

The Cycle of Inappropriate Legislation for Trade in Professional Services

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Business Lawyer
Abstract
Economic factors have an impact on business structures and their regulations. Sole proprietorship, partnership, and company are the main methods of conducting a business. Due to special circumstances in different countries there are different patterns of business structures. Professional services are among these special circumstances that necessitate special structures with regard to partnerships. There is no proper structure in Iran legislations for trade in professional services. This started by undermining the differences between the Company and the Firm which eradicated the necessary elements for trade in professional services. Inconsistencies in subsequent legislations exacerbated this condition. Now in a new Commercial Bill there are provisions that pose more challenges on trade in professional services. This article discusses the key factors to improve trade in professional services using collective behavior theories, the history of business structures, and comparative law.
Keywords

اسکینی، ر. (1389). «حقوق تجارت»؛ شرکتهای تجاری. (جلد اول). تهران: سمت.
Ackroyd, S. (2016), Sociological and organisational theories of professions and professionalism. In M. Dent, I. Lynn Bourgeault, J.-L. Denis, & E. Kuhlmann (Eds.), The Routledge companion to the professions and professionalism (pp. 15-31). NY: Routledge.
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), (1896). Amended Version (2002). Germany: Federal Ministry of Justice in corporation with Juris GmbH.
Cahn, A., & Donald, D. C. (2010), Comparative Company Law: Text and Cases on the Laws Governing Corporations in Germany, the UK and the USA. Cambridge University Press.
Dingwall, R. (2008), Essays on Professions. Ashgate.
Empson, L., & Chapman, C. (2006), Partnership versus Corporation: Implications of Alternative Forms of Governance in Professional Service Firms. In R. Greenwood, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Professional Service Firms (pp. 139-170). Oxford: Elsevier.
Günther, A. B. (2019), Entrepreneurial Strategies of Professional Service Firms: An Analysis of Commercial Law Firm Spin-offs in Germany. Springer.
Halinen, A. (2001), Relationship Marketing in Professional Services. London: Routledge.
Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB). (1897), Amended Version (2015). Germany: Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection.
Harriss, J. (2005), South Asia. In J. G. Carrier (Ed.), A Handbook of Economic Anthropology (pp. 526-536). UK: Edward Elgar.
Hopt, K. J. (2006), Comparative Company Law. In M. Reimann, & R. Zimmermann (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (pp. 1161-1191). Oxford University Press.
Ioannides, S., & Pepelasis Minoglou, I. (2005), Diaspora Entrepreneurship between History and Theory. In Y. Cassis, & I. Pepelasis Minoglou (Eds.), Entrepreneurship in Theory and History (pp. 163-189). NY: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Koh, W., & Koh, F., (2002), Venture Capital and Economic Growth: An Industry Overview and Singapore’s Experience, Singapore Economic Review (Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 243-267).
Kramer, R. M. (2010), Trust. In J. M. Levine, & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations (Vol. II, pp. 936-939). London: SAGE Publications.
Larson, M. S. (2005), Professions. In J. Beckert, & M. Zafirovski (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology (pp. 539-543). Routledge.
Levin, J., & Tadelis, S. (2002), A Theory of Partnerships. Stanford Law School. Law and Economics Research Paper Series. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=311159.
Limited Partnerships Act. (2010), Singapore: Prepared and Published by: The Law Revision Commission Under the Authority of the Revised Edition of the Laws Act (Chapter 275).
Mäntysaari, P. (2012), Organising the Firm; Theories of Commercial Law, Corporate Governance and Corporate Law. London: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
McQueen, R. (2016), A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 1854-1920. Routledge.
Olson, M. (1971), The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Harvard University Press.
Part nerschaft sgesellschaftsgesetz-PartGG. (1994), Amended Version (2015), Germany: Federal Law Gazette I p. 2565.
Partnership Act. (1994), Singapore: Prepared and Published by: The Law Revision Commission Under the Authority of the Revised Edition of the Laws Act (Chapter 275).
Schwartz, R. A., & Byrne, J. A. (2013), Rethinking Regulatory Structure. London: Springer.
Tremml, B., & Buecker, B. (2008), Recognized Forms of Business Organizations. In M. Wendler, B. Tremml, & B. Buecker (Eds.), Key Aspects of German Business Law (4nd ed., pp. 3-31). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Volume 19, Issue 110 - Serial Number 110
November and December 2021
Pages 121-137

  • Receive Date 17 May 2020
  • Revise Date 05 December 2020
  • Accept Date 09 December 2020